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Behavioral response of naïve and non-naïve deer to wolf urine.
van Ginkel HAL, Smit C, Kuijper DPJ. van Ginkel HAL, et al. PLoS One. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0223248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223248. eCollection 2019. PLoS One. 2019. PMID: 31774819 Free PMC article.
The first case study was in the Netherlands where deer (still) live in absence of wolves, and the second in Poland with long-term wolf presence. As controls we used water (no scent) and all-purpose soap (unfamiliar scent). Deer vigilance level on control plots was 2 …
The first case study was in the Netherlands where deer (still) live in absence of wolves, and the second in Poland with long-term …
Effect of sociality and season on gray wolf (Canis lupus) foraging behavior: implications for estimating summer kill rate.
Metz MC, Vucetich JA, Smith DW, Stahler DR, Peterson RO. Metz MC, et al. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 1;6(3):e17332. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017332. PLoS One. 2011. PMID: 21390256 Free PMC article.
Estimated rates of daily prey acquisition (edible biomass per wolf) decreased from 8.40.9 kg (mean SE) in May to 4.10.4 kg in July. Failure to account for PA would have resulted in underestimating kill rate by 32%. ...
Estimated rates of daily prey acquisition (edible biomass per wolf) decreased from 8.40.9 kg (mean SE) in May to 4.10.4 kg in July. F …